National Briefing | New England: Massachusetts: Chemist Charged in Scandal That Closed Laboratory

[unable to retrieve full-text content]The arrest of a chemist accused of falsifying drug test results, forging paperwork and mixing up samples at a police laboratory has thrown thousands of criminal cases into doubt.

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/29/us/massachusetts-chemist-charged-in-scandal-that-closed-laboratory.html?partner=rss&emc=rss

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Editorial: Apple apologies actually aren't that infrequent, and that's okay

Today, Tim Cook made his first major apology as the CEO of Apple. It probably won't be his last. Despite the obvious knee-jerk reaction regarding the Maps debacle, it's actually interesting that this particular scenario is yet another example of humans having extraordinarily short-term memory. It's the same reason that whatever game we most recently saw is the "best or worst ever." (Packers v. Seahawks 09.24.2012, I'm looking at you.) In truth, Apple has a fairly solid history of ingesting pride in the iPhone era, when it surged headfirst into the realm of serving consumers in a way that it never had before. And moreover, hearing Cook apologize isn't something that should be mocked or berated; one can only hope that more companies of all shapes and sizes develop a policy of listening and reacting. Allow me to explain.

Continue reading Editorial: Apple apologies actually aren't that infrequent, and that's okay

Filed under: Cellphones, Apple

Editorial: Apple apologies actually aren't that infrequent, and that's okay originally appeared on Engadget on Fri, 28 Sep 2012 11:28:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/JcUpiKdgbqE/

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New Drug Approved for Advanced Colon Cancer

A new drug has received fast-track approval to treat advanced colon cancer, the Food and Drug Administration announced today (Sept. 27).

The drug, Stivarga, has been approved to treat patients with colorectal cancer that has progressed after treatment and spread to other parts of the body, the FDA said.

The drug, manufactured by Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, works by blocking several enzymes that promote cancer growth. The FDA said it received a fast-track review designated for drugs that offer major advances in treatment or that provide treatment when no adequate therapy exists.

In a study, patients taking the drug lived about six weeks longer than patients taking a placebo.

"Stivarga is the latest colorectal cancer treatment to demonstrate an ability to extend patients' lives and is the second drug approved for patients with colorectal cancer in the past two months," said Dr. Richard Pazdur, director of the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.

Last month the FDA approved the Sanofi-Regeneron drug Zaltrap for use in combination with a FOLFIRI (folinic acid, fluorouracil and irinotecan) chemotherapy regimen to treat adults with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and in women and the third leading cause of cancer death in men and in women in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. More than 143,400 Americans will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer, and 51,690 will die from the disease in 2012, the government estimates.

Stivarga was evaluated in a study of 760 patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. Patients were randomly assigned to receive Stivarga or a placebo in addition to the best supportive care, which included treatments to help manage symptoms and side effects of cancer. Patients received treatment until their cancers progressed or side effects became unacceptable.

Patients treated with Stivarga and supportive care lived about 6.4 months, compared with five months for patients treated with placebo plus supportive care. Those who received Stivarga experienced a delay in tumor growth for about two months, compared with 1.7 months for patients receiving the placebo.

The Stivarga label warns that severe and fatal liver toxicity occurred in patients treated with Stivarga during clinical studies. The most common side effects reported in patients treated with Stivarga included weakness or fatigue, loss of appetite, hand-foot syndrome (also called palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia), diarrhea, mouth sores (mucositis), weight loss, infection, high blood pressure, and changes in voice volume or quality (dysphonia), the FDA said.

Pass it on: The FDA has approved a new drug to treat advanced colorectal cancer.

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/drug-approved-advanced-colon-cancer-200845157.html

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Theory behind class design in rpgs and general video games?

So I'm primarily interested in class design and specific classes in mmo's.
Basically I want to know:
1) How do devs create classes? How do they think of them and their skills and calculate formulas and decide on which mechanics to implement and various roles?
2) We're used to the warriors clerics rogues mages archetypes. Are there any like crafting only rpgs? What classes would be present in those rpgs? What other class-based games/genre can there be?
3) What else is there to look at regarding class/character design?
4) Can every set of roles or individual things be associated to rogues warriors mages and clerics in some way? Like for example phoenix wright.
Both in video games and in the real world? Are there sets that don't?
5) so what else is there to read/research/learn about class-design and class system in video games? ?
6) how do you differentiate between mages and other classes?
Ultimately my mian goal is to be able to relate rogue and warrior classes to other things.
Basically, I like rogue and warrior classses the most. So I want to learn more about them and about class design and the fundamentals and history of it in general.
How exactly do you figure out if something fits in the rogue/warrior category?
Do you look at everything including stats attributes AND role? And is it also true that stats and attributes generally define the role? Since the role is not consistent at all if you look at guild wars 2 and hte professions. In addition I've seen warriors play dps and tank and even support and rogues as dps and dodge tanks and utility roles as well.
thanks.
This is what I think so far:
isn't the goal of the game and the available mechanics the primary determining factor of the classes setup? Well, when I'm referring to crafting classes, let's make a better example, the world in which we live in lol. In order to keep the economy going and keep technology advancing we have different professions/classes/archetypes which contribute to the economy and work as a whole. For example, we have engineers, scientists, teachers, bankers, accountants, businessmen, policemen, etc. which all work together to keep the economy going. Each archetype works on the disadvantage of another archetype and attempts to solve what it can't do. Like in the holy trinity, dps is squishy, so the tank draws aggro to solve that problem. And the tank can't live forever, so the healer is there to solve the problem. It's just that our world is far more complex with so many different mechanics and variables that we need a ton of professions/archetypes to solve different problems. And based on the available mechanics, the devs attempt to create a system of the least classes possible needed to fully take advantage of those available mechanics and create a efficient working system.
Another example, of this would be easily visible if we look at another theoretical game. For example, a game where the goal isn't in every single mmorpg which is to lower health bars. let's say we were attempting to just land a single hit on an enemy. Then the entire class system would change. We wouldn't use the traditional rogues warriors clerics and mages anymore. We would have classes like the striker or the class that supports to help the striker easily hit the enemy or given more mechanics another class that aids in defending the striker. The system is different but similar to the holy trinity because it still revolves around combat. However, mechanics do matter a lot imo. Say we allow building towers, that would allow far more complexity to the game and allow the entrance of new archetypes such as engineers and construction builders.
Thus, if we deviate from the goal of the game and mechanics, wouldn't our set of classes be totally different from the traditional warrior rogue cleric and mage that we see in every game?

then again I'm only referring to the roles. So would the traditional archetypes rogues warriors clerics and mages still be applicable in other genres.
thanks.

Lol if you don't want to read any of the above at all here's what I want to say in short:
Basically I like rogue and warrior classes. My main goal is to learn about them and about class design and the fundamentals and history as stated above. In addition, I also seek to relate the many genres of rpgs stretching from fantasy to futuristic rpgs mainly through the classes.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/RolePlayGateway/~3/mKyMeCKoF-g/viewtopic.php

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CT scan and 3-D print help scientists reconstruct an ancient mollusk

Public release date: 19-Sep-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: J.B. Bird
jb.bird@mail.utexas.edu
512-232-9623
University of Texas at Austin

Accompanying video descibes how the scientists recreated the ancient creature

Using a combination of traditional and innovative model-building techniques, scientists in the U.S. and a specialist in Denmark have created a lifelike reconstruction of an ancient mollusk, offering a vivid portrait of a creature that lived about 390 million years ago, and answering questions about its place in the tree of life, as described in the Sept. 18 edition of the journal Palaeontology.

The model of the oval-shaped sea creature, called a multiplacophoran, which was covered with stiff plates and a ring of spines, resulted from a collaboration between Jakob Vinther, a postdoctoral researcher at The University of Texas at Austin's Jackson School of Geosciences, and Esben Horn, owner of the model making company 10 Tons in Copenhagen, with animation help from Ryan Carney, a doctoral student at Brown University.

Working with a delicate specimen of a multiplacophoran partially covered by rock, Vinther used a micro CT scan a noninvasive technology similar to medical CAT scanning to create a three-dimensional view of the fossil. With Carney's help, the CT scan yielded an animated view of the original placement of the creature's dense spines and shells, which had splayed out and decayed prior to fossilization.

The CT scan also produced a three-dimensional cast of the specimen in its reconstructed shape. Working with the cast, the animation and information on living relatives of the multiplacophorans, Horn was able to create a multicolored, textured model in clay, resin and silicone showing how the creature looked millions of years ago, when it crawled on a single, suction-like foot over shells and rocky surfaces in ancient oceans.

The model helps address a debate about how multiplacophorans (which were only discovered in the past decade) relate to chitons, another more widely known plated mollusk that lives on seashores and is commonly eaten in the Caribbean. By dating the origin of modern chitons, Vinther could demonstrate that multiplacophorans are stem group chitons.

"We can now demonstrate that multiplacophorans are distant relatives of the modern chitons, which did not evolve until later in Earth history," said Vinther. "We can also show that they evolved a number of characteristics seen in some modern chitons convergently."

The CT scan was integral to the project, allowing the scientists to see below the surface of the fossil.

"CT scanning is an extremely powerful technique for paleontologists," said Vinther, "since we can look inside fossils without destroying them."

Vinther and Horn describe the process of creating the model in a video produced by the Jackson School of Geosciences and hosted online by National Geographic at http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/09/120918-ancient-mollusk-reconstruction-3d-animals/.

The original fossil was discovered 10 years ago in Ohio by private collector and co-author George Kampouris, who donated it to the Cincinnati Museum of Natural History.

###

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[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 19-Sep-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: J.B. Bird
jb.bird@mail.utexas.edu
512-232-9623
University of Texas at Austin

Accompanying video descibes how the scientists recreated the ancient creature

Using a combination of traditional and innovative model-building techniques, scientists in the U.S. and a specialist in Denmark have created a lifelike reconstruction of an ancient mollusk, offering a vivid portrait of a creature that lived about 390 million years ago, and answering questions about its place in the tree of life, as described in the Sept. 18 edition of the journal Palaeontology.

The model of the oval-shaped sea creature, called a multiplacophoran, which was covered with stiff plates and a ring of spines, resulted from a collaboration between Jakob Vinther, a postdoctoral researcher at The University of Texas at Austin's Jackson School of Geosciences, and Esben Horn, owner of the model making company 10 Tons in Copenhagen, with animation help from Ryan Carney, a doctoral student at Brown University.

Working with a delicate specimen of a multiplacophoran partially covered by rock, Vinther used a micro CT scan a noninvasive technology similar to medical CAT scanning to create a three-dimensional view of the fossil. With Carney's help, the CT scan yielded an animated view of the original placement of the creature's dense spines and shells, which had splayed out and decayed prior to fossilization.

The CT scan also produced a three-dimensional cast of the specimen in its reconstructed shape. Working with the cast, the animation and information on living relatives of the multiplacophorans, Horn was able to create a multicolored, textured model in clay, resin and silicone showing how the creature looked millions of years ago, when it crawled on a single, suction-like foot over shells and rocky surfaces in ancient oceans.

The model helps address a debate about how multiplacophorans (which were only discovered in the past decade) relate to chitons, another more widely known plated mollusk that lives on seashores and is commonly eaten in the Caribbean. By dating the origin of modern chitons, Vinther could demonstrate that multiplacophorans are stem group chitons.

"We can now demonstrate that multiplacophorans are distant relatives of the modern chitons, which did not evolve until later in Earth history," said Vinther. "We can also show that they evolved a number of characteristics seen in some modern chitons convergently."

The CT scan was integral to the project, allowing the scientists to see below the surface of the fossil.

"CT scanning is an extremely powerful technique for paleontologists," said Vinther, "since we can look inside fossils without destroying them."

Vinther and Horn describe the process of creating the model in a video produced by the Jackson School of Geosciences and hosted online by National Geographic at http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/09/120918-ancient-mollusk-reconstruction-3d-animals/.

The original fossil was discovered 10 years ago in Ohio by private collector and co-author George Kampouris, who donated it to the Cincinnati Museum of Natural History.

###

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-09/uota-csa091912.php

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Alzheimer's breaks brain networks' coordination

ScienceDaily (Sep. 17, 2012) ? Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have taken one of the first detailed looks into how Alzheimer's disease disrupts coordination among several of the brain's networks. The results, reported in The Journal of Neuroscience, include some of the earliest assessments of Alzheimer's effects on networks that are active when the brain is at rest.

"Until now, most research into Alzheimer's effects on brain networks has either focused on the networks that become active during a mental task, or the default mode network, the primary network that activates when a person is daydreaming or letting the mind wander," says senior author Beau Ances, MD, assistant professor of neurology. "There are, however, a number of additional networks besides the default mode network that become active when the brain is idling and could tell us important things about Alzheimer's effects."

Ances and his colleagues analyzed brain scans of 559 subjects. Some of these subjects were cognitively normal, while others were in the early stages of very mild to mild Alzheimer's disease. Scientists found that all of the networks they studied eventually became impaired during the initial stages of Alzheimer's.

"Communications within and between networks are disrupted, but it doesn't happen all at once," Ances says. "There's even one network that has a momentary surge of improved connections before it starts dropping again. That's the salience network, which helps you determine what in your environment you need to pay attention to."

Other networks studied by the researchers included:

• the dorsal attention network, which directs attention toward things in the environment that are salient;
• the control network, believed to be active in consciousness and decision-making;
• the sensory-motor network, which integrates the brain's control of body movements with sensory feedback (e.g., did the finger that just moved strike the right piano key?).

Scientists also examined Alzheimer's effects on a brain networking property known as anti-correlations. Researchers identify networks by determining which brain areas frequently become active at the same time, but anti-correlated networks are noteworthy for the way their activities fluctuate: when one network is active, the other network is quiet. This ability to switch back-and-forth between networks is significantly diminished in participants with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

The default mode network, previously identified as one of the first networks to be impaired by Alzheimer's, is a partner in two of the three pairs of anti-correlated networks scientist studied.

"While we can't prove this yet, one hypothesis is that as things go wrong in the processing of information in the default mode network, that mishandled data is passed on to other networks, where it creates additional problems," Ances says.

It's not practical to use these network breakdowns to clinically diagnose Alzheimer's disease, Ances notes, but they may help track the development of the disease and aid efforts to better understand its spread through the brain.

Ances plans to look at other markers for Alzheimer's disease in the same subjects, such as levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of amyloid beta, a major component of Alzheimer's plaques.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Washington University School of Medicine. The original article was written by Michael C. Purdy.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

---

Journal References:

1. M. R. Brier, J. B. Thomas, A. Z. Snyder, T. L. Benzinger, D. Zhang, M. E. Raichle, D. M. Holtzman, J. C. Morris, B. M. Ances. Loss of Intranetwork and Internetwork Resting State Functional Connections with Alzheimer's Disease Progression. Journal of Neuroscience, 2012; 32 (26): 8890 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5698-11.2012
2. M. R. Brier, J. B. Thomas, A. Z. Snyder, T. L. Benzinger, D. Zhang, M. E. Raichle, D. M. Holtzman, J. C. Morris, B. M. Ances. Loss of Intranetwork and Internetwork Resting State Functional Connections with Alzheimer's Disease Progression. Journal of Neuroscience, 2012; 32 (26): 8890 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5698-11.2012

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/p-G1eb7UURU/120918090812.htm

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Killer skills of a neutrophil

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